你将学到什么
Historic transitions and emergence of epidemic infections
Factors leading to infectious disease emergence and re-emergence
Regions with higher risk and estimated economic costs of emerging infectious disease
Ecology, evolution and emergence of infectious diseases such as Zika, Ebola, H5N1, H7N9, H1N1 and Swine Influenza
Discovery, proof of association and causation, and control (case review on SARS)
流行病的历史性转变和形成
形成传染病和传染病重现的因素
传染病风险较高和估计经济成本较高的地区
寨卡、埃博拉、H5N1、H7N9、H1N1和猪流感等传染病的生态、演变和形成
发现、关联和因果关系的证明以及控制(SARS病例回顾)
课程概况
“If history is our guide, we can assume that the battle between the intellect and will of the human species and the extraordinary adaptability of microbes will be never-ending.” (1)
Despite all the remarkable technological breakthroughs that we have made over the past few decades, the threat from infectious diseases has significantly accelerated. In this course, we will learn why this is the case by looking at the fundamental scientific principles underlying epidemics and the public health actions behind their prevention and control in the 21st century.
This is the first (orgins of novel pathogens) of the four courses, covers these topics:
Epidemics: Past, Present and Future
Discussion on Ebola and Zika Outbreak, and Supplementary Module on Next Generation Informatics for Global Health
Ecology, Evolution and Emergence of Infectious Diseases
Medical Detective: Bug Hunting in Epidemics
如果历史是我们的向导,我们可以认为人类的智慧和意志与微生物种惊人的适应性之间的斗争将永远持续下去。”(1)
尽管过去的几十年间我们在科技领域取得了令人瞩目的突破,可是传染病对人类的威胁却显著增加。本课程将通过学习流行病学的基础科学原理以及预防与控制流行病的公共卫生措施,对上述现象予以阐释。
这是四個课程中的第一个(新型病原體的起源):
流行病:过去、现在和未来
讨论埃博拉和寨卡疫情的爆发,以及全球卫生信息学的补充单元
传染病的生态、演变和形成
医学侦探:追踪流行病的病原体
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(1) Fauci AS, Touchette NA, Folkers GK. Emerging Infectious Diseases: a 10-Year Perspective from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 2005 Apr; 11(4):519-25.
课程大纲
Week 1: Epidemics: Past, Present and Future
What is epidemic?
How epidemics of infectious disease arise from historic transitions?
Why novel emerging infectious diseases continue to arise?
Emerging infectious disease, re-emerging infectious disease and zoonosis
Factors leading to infectious disease emergence and re-emergence (microbial factors, climate and weather, changes in ecosystem and land use, human demographics, migrations and behaviour, international travel and commerce, technology, industry and intensive animal husbandry, breakdown in public health due to poverty, wars, natural disasters, and bioterrorism)
Regions with higher risk of future emerging infectious disease and estimated economic costs of emerging infectious disease
Week 2: Discussion on Ebola and Zika Outbreak, and Supplementary Module on Next Generation Informatics for Global Health
How to prepare for the next epidemic?
How to allocate our resources among our fights against different pathogens?
How should we channel our resources?
Vaccines
Antimicrobial resistance
Supplementary module: towards digital pathogen surveillance: a very bumpy, winding road
Week 3: Ecology, Evolution and Emergence of Infectious Diseases
Ecology of infectious diseases
Emerging infectious diseases at the human-animal interface
What is phylogenetic tree?
How to use phylogenetic trees to study an epidemic of infectious disease?
Emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza virus in Asia
Emergence of the H7N9 Influenza A virus in china
Swine Influenza and the 2009 pandemic H1N1
Week 4: Discussion on Ebola Outbreak, and Supplementary Module on Next Generation Informatics for Global Health
Ebola in the wider context
Border controls
Is stopping bushmeat the answer?
How should we use experimental treatments and vaccines?
Should we centralise care and enforce lockdowns?
Will Ebola become airborne?
Will Ebola be become a huge human pandemic like HIV?
Supplementary module: global variation in risk of influenza virus emergence
Week 5: Medical Detective: Bug Hunting in Epidemics
Discovery of a novel microbe: first suspicion
Finding the cause of interstitial pneumonia
The identification of the novel virus associated with this infectious pneumonia
Proof of association & causation: is SARS coronavirus really the cause of SARS?
Control of emerging infections depends on: control at the source
Alert: coronavirus as the cause of emerging infectious diseases!
Supplementary module: using genetic data at multiple scales to understand constraints on viral evolution
预备知识
None.